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European History
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  1. The Age of Empire 1875 - 1914
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1996
    Covers the rise of bourgeois society, the growth of free market capitalism and the expansion of European colonialism abroad.
  2. Age of Extremes
    The Short Twentieth Century 1914 - 1991

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1997
    A overview of the history of the years 1914 - 1991.
  3. The Age of Permanent Revolution
    A Trotsky Anthology

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1964
    A collection of writings by Leon Trotsky.
  4. The Approaching Storm
    One Woman's Story of Germany 1934-1938

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1988
    Nora Waln, a Quaker journalist, chronicles her experience living in Germany during the rise of the Third Reich. During those four years, she took covert notes, bearing witness to the rise of Hitler.
  5. The Arab World, Turkey, and The Balkans 1878-1914
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1982
  6. At the Lenin Shipyards
    Poland and the Rise of the Solidarity Trade Union

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1981
    A first-hand account of the rise of the Solidarity trade union in Poland.
  7. Atlas of World History
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1999
  8. The Barbarians
    Warriors & Wars of the Dark Ages

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1985
  9. Bertolt Brecht's Berlin
    A Scrapbook of the Twenties

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1975
    A testament, in words and pcitures to Berlin in the 1920s: "the age of anxious euphoria that gripped the German capital as it poised uneasily between two eras of unprecedented catastrophe."
  10. Bringing up the bodies in Bosnia
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2016
    Using cutting edge scientific research, an international organization is digging up mass graves to give victims' families some sense of closure and justice.
  11. Capitalism and Material Life 1400-1800
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1975
  12. Centuries of Childhood
    Resource Type: Book
  13. Christopher Who? -- Discovering the Americas
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1990
    Columbus seen as a conqueror.
  14. The Civil War in France
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1871
    Written by Karl Marx as an address to the General Council of the International, with the aim of distributing to workers of all countries a clear understanding of the character and world-wide significance of the heroic struggle of the Paris Communards of 1871 and their historical experience to learn from.
  15. The Condition of the Working Class in England
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1845
  16. Connexions Library: Europe Focus
    Resource Type: Website
    Published: 2009
    Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on Europe.
  17. A Distant Mirror
    The calamatious 14th century

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1979
  18. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1852
    Marx wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon between December 1851 and March 1852. The "Eighteenth Brumaire" refers to November 9, 1799 in the French Revolutionary Calendar -- the day the first Napoleon Bonaparte had made himself dictator by a coup d'etat. Marx traces how the conflict of different social interests manifest themselves in the complex web of political struggles, and in particular the contradictory relationships between the outer form of a struggle and its real social content.
  19. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
    Resource Type: Book
  20. Eurocentrism
    Resource Type: Book
    Amin argues that Eurocentrism is an ideological distortion, a myth and historical fallacy and argues for a new social, economic, cultural and political system based on socialist universalism.
  21. 1491
    New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2005
    A portrait of human life in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus.
  22. French Army Mutinies (1917)
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    Involved nearly half of the French infantry divisions stationed on the western front.
  23. French Revolution of 1848
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    One of a wave of revolutions in 1848 in Europe.
  24. Gedenkstatte Deutscher Widerstand
    Exhbition Resistance to National Socialsim

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1993
    A thorough and chronological account of the many forms of resistance to Nazism in Germany.
  25. German Revolution of 1918-19
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    The politically-driven civil conflict in Germany at the end of World War I.
  26. Germany and European Civilization
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1944
    From at least the time of the publication of Capital to the present day, all political and social thought, particularly in Europe, have revolved around the ideas of Marxism. And these ideas were nourished, developed, propagated and defended above all by the German proletariat. Not only the revolutionary movement but modern thought owes the German workers a debt which it can never repay. So far has Marxism penetrated into the thought of the time that today the ideas of hundreds of thousands of intellectuals, who consider themselves anti-Marxists, have validity only to the extent that they have borrowed or unconsciously assimilated the very ideas which they oppose.
  27. The Great Transformation
    The political and economic origins of our time

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1968
    Polanyi analyzes the social and political upheavals that took place in England during the rise of the market economy. Polanyi contends that the modern market economy and the modern nation-state should be understood not as discrete elements, but as a single human invention he calls the "Market Society".
  28. A Green History of the World
    The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1991
    Ponting tracks the "green" history of the world showing how throughout history civilizations have collapsed when they exhausted the earth's natural resources.
  29. Hamburg at the Barricades
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1977
    Articles by the revolutionary journaliist Larissa Reissner, covering the Hamburg uprising of 1923 and the life and times for Germany in the years 1923-1925.
  30. A History of Europe Vol I
    From the end of the Roman world in the West to the beginnings of the Western States

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1958
  31. Hungarian Revolution of 1848
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    One of many revolutions that year and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.
  32. Hungarian Revolution of 1956
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Stalinist government of the People's Republic of Hungary.
  33. Hungary 56
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1968
    The Hungarian Revolution was far more than a national uprising or than an attempt to change one set of rulers for another. It was a social revolution in the fullest sense of the term.
  34. International Historical Statistics: Europe 1750-1988
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1992
  35. Irish War of Independence
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A guerrilla war mounted against the British government in Ireland by the Irish Republican Army.
  36. Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution
    Volume I: State and Bureaucracy

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1977
    A wide-ranging and thorough exposition of Marx's views on democracy.
  37. Kiel Naval Mutiny (Wilhelmshaven mutiny)
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A major mutiny by sailors of the German High Seas Fleet in October 1918.
  38. The Long Week-End
    Resource Type: Book
  39. The Macmillian Atlas of Irish History
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1997
    A full-colour atlas of Irish history.
  40. The Making of Europe
    Conquest, Colonisation and Cultural Change

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1993
  41. A Marxist History of the World part 29: The peculiarity of Europe
    e

    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    Why Europe? Why was it that the second great transformation in human existence - the development of capitalism and industrial society - was pioneered on the western edge of the Eurasian land-mass?
  42. A Marxist History of the World part 35: The new colonialism
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    The Portuguese and Spanish overseas empires founded at the beginning of the 16th century were soon followed by Dutch, English, and French empires. Neil Faulkner looks at how the transformation of the world by European colonialism began.
  43. A Marxist History of the World part 38: The Dutch Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    For more than 40 years, with wildly fluctuating fortunes, the Dutch Revolution of 1566-1609 took the form of a protracted popular war of national defence against the Spanish Empire.
  44. A Marxist History of the World part 39: The Thirty Years War
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    Between 1618 and 1648 Germany was wrecked by insecurity, depopulation, disruption to trade, the destruction of property, and military plundering. Neil Faulkner looks at The Thirty Years War.
  45. A Marxist History of the World part 52: The 1848 Revolutions
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    Even when progress is reversed, some hard-won gains are permanent. Neil Faulkner examines how the counter-revolution in 1848 failed to entirely turn the clock back.
  46. A Marxist History of the World part 59: The Franco-Prussian War
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    In this week's chapter of the Marxist History series Neil Faulkner looks at how Germany’s ruling elite brought about a bourgeois revolution ‘from above’.
  47. A Marxist History of the World part 61: The Long Depression, 1873-1896
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    Neil Faulkner writes about the The Long Depression – an unprecedented economic slump which started the countdown to the First World War.
  48. A Marxist History of the World part 67: Reform or Revolution?
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    The world Socialist movement was blown apart as its members supported the First World War. Neil Faulkner looks at how the question of reform or revolution lay behind the split.
  49. A Marxist History of the World part 68: 1914: descent into barbarism
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    In the summer of 1914 capitalism tipped humanity into an abyss of barbarism that would leave millions dead. Neil Faulkner looks at the First World War.
  50. A Marxist History of the World part 70: 1917: the February Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    As WWI turned into a protracted, bloody struggle the initial enthusiasm gave way to growing class tensions which exploded first in Russia's February Revolution.
  51. A Marxist History of the World part 75: The German Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    At the end of the First World War, the epicentre of revolution moved from Petrograd to Berlin. Why did the German communists fail where the Bolsheviks had succeded?
  52. May 1968 in France
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    May 1968, referring to the period when the events occurred in France, saw the largest general strike that ever stopped the economy of an advanced industrial country,[1] the first wildcat general strike in history,[1] and a series of student occupation protests.
  53. The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History
    Resource Type: Book
  54. Modernes Grosstadtelend
    Resource Type: Book
  55. The Oxford History of Modern War
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2005
    The book is a military history, principally from the defeat of the Ottoman besiegers of Vienna in 1683.
  56. The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe
    Resource Type: Book
    It looks at the changing landscape of Europe and the way man has responded and adapted over the millennia.
  57. Paper-contestations and Textual Communities in England 1640 - 1675
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2005
  58. The Peasant War in Germany
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1850
    The Peasant War in Germany was the first history book to assert that the real motivating force behind the Reformation and 16th-century peasant war was socio-economic (class conflict) rather than "merely" religious.
  59. The Penguin Atlas of Modern History (to 1815)
    Resource Type: Book
  60. The Penguin Atlas of World History - Vol. 1: From the Beginning to the Eve of the French Revolution
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1974
  61. The Penguin Atlas of World History - Vol. 2: From the French Revolution to the Present
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1978
  62. A People's History of the World
    From the Stone Age to the New Millennium

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1999
    Harman describes the shape and course of human history as a narrative of ordinary people forming and re-forming complex societies in pursuit of common human goals.
  63. The Perspective of the World
    Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century, Vol. 3

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1984
  64. Pleasure Wars
    The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud, Vol. V

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1998
    A study of how the bourgeoisie responded to the new in art, music and literature.
  65. Pocket History of the British Working Class
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1964
    A brief history of the British working class.
  66. Popular revolt in late medieval Europe
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    Popular revolts in late medieval Europe were uprisings and rebellions by (typically) peasants in the countryside, or the bourgeois in towns, against nobles, abbots and kings during the upheavals of the 14th through early 16th centuries.
  67. Postwar
    A History of Europe Since 1945

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2005
  68. Prague Spring
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia in 1968.
  69. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change
    Communications & Cultural Transformation in Early-Modern Europe

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1979
    The effect of the advent of printing on Western culture. Two volumes.
  70. The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe
    Resource Type: Book
  71. Red City, Blue Period
    Social Movements in Picasso's Barcelona

    Resource Type: Book
  72. Responsibility and Judgment
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2003
  73. Rethinking The Idea Of 'Christian Europe'
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    Looking to the traditional, moral and identity platform of Christianity in Europe.
  74. Revolutions of 1848
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described by some historians as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French Revolution of 1848, soon spread to the rest of Europe.
  75. Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    "Germany" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 was a collection of 39 states loosely bound together in the German Confederation. As nationalist sentiment crystallized into resistance to the traditional political structure, repeated calls for freedom, democracy and national unity came to threaten the status quo.
  76. Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
  77. Romanian Revolution of 1989
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Government of Nicolae Ceausescu.
  78. Seeds of Fire
    A People's Chronology

    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2017
    Recalling events that happened on this day in history. Memories of struggle, resistance and persistence.
  79. The Socialist Register 1966
    Volume 3: A Survey of Movements & Ideas

    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    Published: 1966
  80. Spanish Revolution
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A workers' social revolution that began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.
  81. There's no such thing as a 'pure' European--or anyone else
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2017
    Europeans have no unique heritage. New studies show that almost all indigenous Europeans descend from at least three major migrations in the past 15,000 years, including two from the Middle East.
  82. This Rough Game
    Fascism and Anti-Fascism

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2001
    Renton describes the rise of European Fascism, the condition of Weimar Germany, British fascism, Battle of Cable Street and Hitler's life.
  83. Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2011
    A look at kingdoms that no longer exist and how their presence and disappearance affects history.
  84. Velvet Revolution
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the Communist government in 1989.
  85. Victims of the European revolutions
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1991
    European gypsy communities have historically been, and remain, the most marginalized social group.
  86. Victorian People
    A Reassessment of Persons and Themes 1851-1867

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1967
  87. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    The Jewish resistance that arose within the Warsaw Ghetto in German occupied Poland during World War II, and which opposed Nazi Germany's effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to Treblinka extermination camp.
  88. Warsaw Uprising
    Connexipedia Article

    Resource Type: Article
    A struggle by the Polish Home Army to liberate Warsaw from Nazi German occupation during World War II.
  89. Der Weltkrieg in Bild
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1928

Experts on European History in the Sources Directory

  1. The British Museum
  2. Deutsches Historisches Museum
  3. Kunsthistorisches Museum


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