- The City in History
Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects
Resource Type: Book
Published: 1961
Beginning with an interpretation of the origin and nature of the city, Mumford follows the city's development from Egypt and Mesopotamia through Greece, Rome, and the Middle Ages to the modern world.
- For 90 years, lightbulbs were designed to burn out. Now that's coming to LED bulbs
Resource Type: Article
Published: 2016
In 1924, representatives of the world's leading lightbulb manufacturers formed Phoebus, a cartel that fixed the average life of an incandescent bulb at 1,000 hours, ensuring that people would have to regularly buy bulbs and keep the manufacturers in business. But hardware store LED bulbs have a typical duty-cycle of 25,000 hours -- meaning that the average American household will only have to buy new bulbs ever 42 years or so.
- Technics and Civilization
Resource Type: Book
Published: 1963
A history of the machine and a critical study of its effects on civilization.
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