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| Don Valley Parkway & Gardiner Expresswayhttp://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/Docs/CxP-Highways-Gardiner-DVP.htmConnexipedia article
 Publisher:  Connexions
 Year Published:  2020
 Resource Type:  Article
 
 The first chair of the Metropolitan Toronto council, established in 1953, was Frederick Gardiner, who quickly drew up plans for a system of expressway and parkway arterials that expanded outward from the city centre. Gardiner's plan, which was considered progressive and reasonable at the time, included five total arterials including the Gardiner Expressway, the Don Valley Parkway and the Spadina Expressway.
 
 
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