1. African American Folksong and American Cultural Politics: The Lawrence Gellert Story
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 2013
   Story of the collection of African American folk music compiled by Lawrence Gellert. Compiled between the World Wars, the recordings were adopted by the American Left as the voice of the American proletariat, or "songs of protest."
2. African-American Self-Defense
   Guns and the Freedom Struggle
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 2015
   A Review of "This Noviolent Stuff'll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Cvil Rights Movement Possible" by Carles E. Cobb. Jr.
3. African-American Self-Defense
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 2015
   A review of Charles E. Cobb Jr.'s book, "This Non-violent Stuff'll Get You Killed" on the role of guns in the US civil rights movement of the 1960s.
4. African-Americans and Black Oppressors
   Resource Type: Article
   
5. African Americans and Immigrant Workers
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 2018
   Malik discusses job competition and tensions between Afrcian Americans and Hispanic workers, more specifically between African Amercians and undocumented workers. He illustrates this through the example of a conflict in a Chicago bakery.
6. Afrocentricity
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 1989
   Molefi Kete Asante is a professor and chairperson of the Department of African American Studies at Temple University in Philadelphia. Widely recognized as the leading proponent of the Afrocentric perspective, Asante is the author of more than twenty books and over one hundred scholarly articles. This book is a persuasive Pan-Africanists's handbook which contributes to the understanding and expansion of critical Pan-African thought.
7. Albert Woodfox, Gary Tyler
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 2015
   Albert Woodfox, Gary Tyler - two examples among many of what the racist and bureaucratic "carceral state" in America is about.
8. Alternative Press Annual 1983, The
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 1984
   
9. American Fascists
   The Christian Right and the War on America
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 2006
   Hedges examines the Christian Right's origins, its driving motivation and its dark ideological underpinnings, with interviews and coverage of events such as pro-life rallies and weeklong classes on conversion techniques. Hedges argues that the movement resembles the young fascist movements in Italiy and Germany in the 1920s and 1930s, movements that often masked the full extent of their drive for totalitarianism and were willing to make concessions until they achieved unrivaled power. He challenges the Christian Right's religious legitimacy and argues that at its core it is a mass movement fueled by unbridled nationalism and a hatred for the open society.
10. Bernie Sanders and the New Class Politics
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2016
    An interview with Adolph Reed, a political scientist and Bernie Sanders supporter, who dicsusses assumptions about black voters, the legacy of the Sanders campaign, and the tasks ahead.
11. "Black Americans for a Better Future" Super PAC 100% Funded by Rich White Guys
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2016
    New FEC filings show that all of the $417,250 in monetary donations to a Super PAC called "Black Americans for a Better Future" comes from conservative white businessmen-- including $400,000, or 96 percent of the total, from white billionaire hedge fund manager Robert Mercer.
12. Black History and the Class Struggle
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    Published: 2005
    Articles include: "A Life in the Black Panther Party — We Want Freedom — A Review of a Book by Mumia Abu-Jamal," "How the Liberals and Reformists Derailed the Struggle for Integration — For Black Liberation Through Socialist Revolution!", "The 'N' Word in Racist America."
13. Black Immigrants, 'Model' Minority? Plus: Don Imus
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2008
    'Black' is a label which obscures more than it illuminates.
14. Black Indians
    A Hidden Heritage
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1997
    Explores the story of black Indians, defined here as people with dual African and Native American ancestry or African Americans who lived primarily with Native Americans.
15. The Black Infinity Complex
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    We're a group of UCLA grad students, and our vision of the Black Infinity Complex is inspired by the boundlessness and sustainability of Black creativity and imagination. It's a collective of organizers coming together as a liaison to create a united front of existing structures of grassroots organizations and community institutions, and organizers like you, or scholars.
16. Black Loyalist
    Wikipedia article
    Resource Type: Article
    A Black Loyalist was an inhabitant of British America of African descent who joined British colonial forces during the American Revolutionary War.[1] Many had been enslaved by the "Patriot" rebels and decided to join the British in return for promises of freedom.
17. Black Native Americans in the United States
    Sources Select Resources Encyclopedia
    Resource Type: Article
    Black Native Americans is a term that refers to people of African-American descent, usually with significant Native American ancestry, who also have strong ties to Native American culture, social, and historical traditions.
18. Black Panthers and other Histories Video and Audio Recordings
    Resource Type: Website
    
19. The Black Panthers: Movie Review
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    With its powerful archival footage and interviews with former Black Panther Party members, Stanley Nelson’s documentary The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution reopens a chapter of black history that has long been distorted, hated and feared by the racist rulers of America.
20. Black Seminoles
    Sources Select Resources Encyclopedia
    Resource Type: Article
    The descendants of free blacks and some runaway slaves (maroons), mostly Gullahs who escaped from coastal South Carolina and Georgia rice plantations into the Spanish Florida wilderness beginning as early as the late 17th century. By the early 19th century, they had often formed communities near the Seminole Indians.
21. BLM: A Movement and Its Critics
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    Recent studies, once again, show that being Black makes life more difficult than for those with white skin. It is more difficult to get good paying jobs, education and housing (even for those with equal or better qualifications than whites). Blacks pay more for loans than whites, even if they have higher incomes.
22. "Calm Reflection" or Justice?
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    Afterthoughts on Justice and racism after the movie Fruitvale Station.
23. Challenging the Mississippi Fire Bombers
    Memories of Mississippi 1964-65
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2013
    With a firsthand account of the details and thoughtful descriptions of key people on the front lines, author Jim Dann brings the historic period, the June 1964 civil rights struggle to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, back to life. He places those 15 months in Mississippi in the overall history of the struggle of African Americans for freedom, equality, and democratic rights in the South, the country, and throughout the world.
24. Cherokee freedmen controversy
    Sources Select Resources Encyclopedia
    Resource Type: Article
    An ongoing political and tribal dispute between the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and descendants of the Cherokee Freedmen regarding tribal citizenship.
25. Cherokees Vote: Slave Descendants Expelled
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2011
    The Supreme Court of the Cherokee Nation has upheld a 2007 tribal decision to kick thousands of descendants of black slaves out of the tribe.
26. Choctaw Freedmen
    Sources Select Resources Encyclopedia
    Resource Type: Article
    The Choctaw freedmen were enslaved African Americans who became part of the Choctaw Nation with emancipation after the American Civil War.
27. Class Notes
    Posing As Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2001
    Reed argues against the solipsistic approaches of cultural or identity politics, and in favour of class-based political interpretation and action. Class Notes moves on to tackle race relations, ethnic studies, family values, welfare reform, the so-called underclass, and black public intellectuals.
28. Class-Struggle Road to Black Freedom: Part Two
    Marxism vs. the Myth of "White Skin Privilege"
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    The victory of the socialist revolution in this country will be achieved through the united struggle of black and white workers.
29. Class-Struggle Road to Black Freedom: Part One
    The Roots of Black Oppression
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    The purpose of this talk is to motivate a Marxist materialist program for the fight for black freedom as opposed to the idealism embodied in both black nationalism and guilty white liberalism, including the concept of “white skin privilege,” which falsely substitutes individual psychology for struggle against the racial oppression rooted in the capitalist profit system. We fight for black freedom on the program of revolutionary integration including mobilizing the working class against every manifestation of racial oppression. This approach is counterposed to liberal integration, which is premised on the utopian notion that equality for black people can be attained within the confines of this class society founded on black oppression.
30. Collective Courage
    A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2014
    In Collective Courage, Jessica Gordon Nembhard chronicles African American cooperative business ownership and its place in the movements for Black civil rights and economic equality.
31. Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice
    Resource Type: Unclassified
    Published: 2014
    Book examining efforts to achieve economic development by African Americans.
32. Connexions Library: Race, Racism, Ethnicity, Multiculturalism Focus
    Resource Type: Website
    Published: 2009
    Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on race, racism, ethnicity, multiculturalism, identity.
33. The Crisis of Color and Democracy
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1992
    Essays attacking racist sterotypes and cynical arguments which America's national leaders use to obscure both the roots of today's social problems and their solutions.
34. The Dialectics of Community Control
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1970
    The movement for community control will fall short often, unless it becomes a broader struggle for popular, democratic control of all public institutions and the economy.
35. Django Unchained, or, The Help: How "Cultural Politics" Is Worse Than No Politics at All, and Why
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    On reflection, it's possible to see that Django Unchained and The Help are basically different versions of the same movie. Both dissolve political economy and social relations into individual quests and interpersonal transactions and thus effectively sanitize, respectively, slavery and Jim Crow by dehistoricizing them. The problem is not so much that each film invents cartoonish fictions; it's that the point of the cartoons is to take the place of the actual relations of exploitation that anchored the regime it depicts.
36. Failure of a Dream?
    Essays in the History of American Socialism
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1974
    Examines the reasons for the relative weakness of American socialism.
37. False Promises
    The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1973
    
38. For true liberation, Black Lives Matter is not enough
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    A movement that held true to a goal of liberation would challenge the fundamental assumptions of social, economic, and political organization under capitalism.
39. The Forgotten Socialist History of Martin Luther King Jr.
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2018
    King believed that a multiracial working-class movement was required to overcome the failings of capitalism.
40. Freedom rides
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    Freedom Riders were Civil Rights activists who rode on interstate buses into the segregated southern United States.
41. Freedom Summer
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    A campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters.
42. From Ferguson to Baltimore
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    Combined with racial profiling, combined with the practice of predatory profiling and predatory policing, police departments are using parking and traffic tickets as a revenue base to increase their budget. All these bring us to a place where police violence is rampant. The more contacts you have with the police, the more possibilities you have of being subject to a violent interaction.
43. Harlem is Nowhere
    A Journey to the Mecca of Black America
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2011
    Harlem as a race capital has been subject to representational overload. The author's memoir/social history attempts to free the neighbourhood from this burden and reveal its more obscures figures.
44. A history of American lynchings
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2017
    A soil collection project is commemorating the forgotten victims of lynching and helping to tell their stories.
45. James, C.L.R. - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
    Writings of C.L.R. James (1901-1989).
46. The John Lewis Conundrum: Caring for Justice or Carrying Water
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2017
    What the author is writing about John Lewis is not so much a condemnation as it is a reflection of the very meaning of justice and how we can fight for it.
47. Journey of Reconciliation
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    An attempt in 1947 to challenge segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States, through non-violent direct action.
48. Lessons of the Civil Rights Movement (Part One)
    Police Terror and Black Oppression
    Resource Type: Unclassified
    Published: 2015
    Police reform is a hoax and a hustle. Federal investigations go nowhere and the Democrats are simply the soft cops of the capitalist system. There is no road to black liberation and the liberation of all working people short of workers revolution.
49. The Lives of Amiri Baraka
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2014
    A tribute to the life of author and poet Amiri Baraka who was active in the American Black Arts movement.
50. The Making of Jericho Road
    Against The Current vol. 132
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2008
    An interview with Michael Honey. The paperback edition of Michael Honey’s Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign is released this January 2008.
51. Malcolm X Research Site
    Resource Type: Website
    A comprehensive website on the life and legacy of Malcolm X , with text, film, video, graphics and more, plus a large listing of African American scholars on the left, with links to their sites and works.
52. Mass Incarceration and Black Oppression in America
    The New Jim Crow and Liberal Reformism
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    The singular focus on mass incarceration as the embodiment of racial oppression has a purpose: it poses the fight for black freedom as a matter of "dismantling" that system, much as the civil rights movement dismantled Jim Crow. But mass black incarceration is both a symptom and a means of enforcing the special oppression of black people that is fundamental to American capitalism
53. Moral Appeals Aren't Enough
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    The wonderful thing about Black Lives Matter is that they're saying you cannot use moral suasion to win this. You've got to disrupt, and make sure that things don't work in order to make the demand for change.
54. The Movement Has a History
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    I was born in the '70s in East Oakland. All of our parents are Panthers, or Black Power organizers, or organizers. We come out politicized.
55. Obama, African Americans and War on the Working Poor
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    Malcom X's speech given nearly 50 years ago still remains valid today even in the age of the first African-American president and a sizable Congressional Black Caucus. While much has changed legally and socially -- upper-class African Americans can work and live almost anywhere if qualified -- much hasn’t changed for the working poor who are Black.
56. On Roediger's Wages of Whiteness
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2002
    An extended discussion and critique of David Roediger's book Wages of Whiteness. Allen writes: "David Roediger's Wages of Whiteness, because of its almost universal acceptance for use in colleges and universities, has served as the single most effective instrument in the socially necessary consciousness-raising function of objectifying 'whiteness,' and in popularizing the 'race-as-a-social-construct' thesis. As one who has been the beneficiary of kind supportive comments from him for my own efforts in this field of historical investigation, I undertake this critical essay with no other purpose than furthering the our common aim of the disestablishment of white identity, and the overthrow of white supremacism in general."
57. The Origin of Racial Oppression in Anglo-America
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1997
    
58. Polemics and Prophecies 1967-1970
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1972
    An anthology of I.F. Stone's articles from 1967 - 1970.
59. Randolph, A. Philip
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    African-American civil rights leader. (1889-1979).
60. Reflections After Ferguson
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    I am a white man with a Black son. I did not have or get him young and fill his head with illusions of diversity and colorblindness, the way some white parents do. I met him when he was a young teen, living in the housing projects, well on his way to having a reality-based world view built around the urban litany of poverty, gangs, drugs, murder, jail, dysfunctional schools and police abuse - and very much not about diversity and colorblindness.
61. Revolution of Conscience
    Martin Luther King Jr., and the Philosophy of Nonviolence
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1998
    Moses explores key ideas about Martin Luther King Jr. and his philosophy in relation to the American civil rights movement, racial equality and nonviolence.
62. The Rise and Fall of the Black Panther Party
    A Revolutionary Marxist Analysis
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1993
    A talk recounting the beginnings and tragic end of the Black Panther Power, a radical black power movement and political organization.
63. Rising Up Against Police Violence, From the Black Panthers to #BlackLivesMatter
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    I turned away more than once while watching Stanley Nelson's documentary The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution. I averted my eyes from the screen when FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's nefarious mug first appeared. I turned away once more when the charismatic and admirable Fred Hampton was first shown, knowing that eventually he would be murdered by Chicago police and federal agents.
64. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
    Resource Type: Organization
    The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture is a national research library devoted to collecting, preserving and providing access to resources documenting the experiences of peoples of African descent throughout the world.
65. A Short History of Black Voter Suppression
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    The Right's organized movement to suppress the votes of African Americans and Latin Americans, and the urban and rural poor by means of the passing of voter ID (Poll Tax) laws in states receives no mention in the dominant media.
66. SNCC's 50-Year Legacy
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2010
    Celebrating SNCC's legacy.
67. The Socialist Register 1982
    Volume 19: A Survey of Movements & Ideas
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    Published: 1982
    
68. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    One of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
69. Ta-Nehisi Coates is the neoliberal face of the black freedom struggle
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2018
    Coates represents the neoliberal wing of the black freedom struggle that sounds militant about white supremacy but renders black fightback invisible. This wing reaps the benefits of the neoliberal establishment that rewards silences on issues such as Wall Street greed or Israeli occupation of Palestinian lands and people. The disagreement between Coates and me is clear: any analysis or vision of our world that omits the centrality of Wall Street power, US military policies, and the complex dynamics of class, gender, and sexuality in black America is too narrow and dangerously misleading. So it is with Ta-Nehisi Coates’ worldview.
70. This Nonviolent Stuff'll Get You Killed
    How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2014
    Charles Cobb, a veteran civil rights activist who served as a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the American South, unfolds a powerful narrative about Southern grass-roots black individuals and groups who played essential roles in African-American resistance. He reveals how they acted to protect black people and their allies throughout the ages with the careful use of violent self-defense methods.
71. Turner, Nat
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    American slave who led a slave rebellion in 1831. (1800-1831).
72. Uncovering the Sixties
    Life and Times of the Undergound Press
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1985
    A book about the Sixties and how they were recorded by radical participants. It traces how movements and communities convinced that their news did not fit into the agenda of mainstream media covered themselves in print.
73. Vote as the Class You Are, Not the Race You Aren't
    Scott, Frank
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2010
    Many upper middle-professional class members of society who truly wish for a more just nation are either helpless to, totally incapable of, or have little desire to confront real power or create social transformation beyond electing one or another member of their class to represent their interests on the board, the council, the congress or at the White House. And that class includes more multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-racial and gender fluid people than ever before. Hooray?
74. The Warmth of Other Suns
    The Epic Story of America's Great Migration
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2010
    Wilkerson chronicles the decades-long migration of black citizens who fled the South for northern and western cities, in search of a better life. From 1915 to 1970, this exodus of almost six million people changed the face of the United States.
75. What Black Lives Matter means for Labor
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    An account and analysis of the centrality of the Black freedom struggle to the working class movement as a whole, arguing that the struggle for Black liberation is a precondition for human liberation generallyand recognizing the deep historical thread connecting the centuries-old struggle for Black freedom in the U.S. and the struggle to organize the working class to fight for workers' power.
76. What We Don't Talk About When We Talk About Rural Poverty
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2017
    Gurly analyzes the institutional reasons behind widespread poverty, depopulation, and unemployment in Jefferson County, Mississippi.
77. Why Black Lives Matter Is Game Change
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    The Cleveland Black Lives Matter Convening was a "game changer" because it made clear the Movement is long term. Whether its next step will add a call for a break with the two-party system, time and struggle will tell.

Experts on African Americans in the Sources Directory

1. National Archives of the United States
2. National Museum of American History